After a while, you may be able to tell the difference by look. However, the newer poly threads are beginning to give the same shine as rayon. So, if I think I won't be able to tell by sight, I use a Sharpie to write P or R inside the bottom of the cone.
The burn test works well for fabrics too. If you get melted beads and ashes, you have a cotton/poly blend. Wool will disolve in chrorine bleach. So, if you want to know if something is poly or wool, put a piece in some bleach and see if it dissolves.
Burn test is definitive. The fact that they were still in wrappers may just mean they came from someone's estate. P.S. Numbers run differently for RA rayon and RA polyester, too.
.Polyester thread will melt while rayon thread will burn...
Here is a video on using the burn test to help determine what the make up of threads/fabrics are...Polyester thread will melt while rayon thread will burn...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k...